Pronouncing The Past
Pronouncing the past simple tense with -ED can be a challenge, especially for learners who speak languages quite similar to English. In fact, there are just three pronunciations of ED and which one you use depends on the sound before. I recommend practicing these with your teacher, tutor or English friend until you can hear the difference.
| ED after Unvoiced Sounds – “t“ (p, f, s, sh, ch, th) | ED after Voiced Sounds – “d” (b, v, g, z, j, th, l, m, n, r) | ED after T or D with extra Syllable – “id“ (t, d) |
| asked baked brushed cooked cracked crashed danced diced dressed dropped escaped finished fixed guessed helped hoped hiked joked jumped knocked kissed laughed locked looked marched missed mixed packed passed picked pressed pushed pronounced relaxed slipped smoked stopped stuffed shopped talked typed walked washed watched worked | agreed allowed answered appeared arrived believed belonged called carried changed cleaned closed cried described died encouraged enjoyed entered explained followed happened interviewed imagined listened lived loved moved opened planned played pulled realized remembered rained repaired saved shared showed signed stayed studied tried turned used welcomed worried | accepted afforded attended arrested collected contacted counted decided defended demanded divided ended expanded expected exported flooded graduated hated hunted included invited invented landed needed painted planted printed presented pretended protected provided rented repeated reported respected rested scolded skated started shouted treated visited waited wanted wasted |
